Just outside the Punjab village of Parchh, both Nagh Singh and Nithra Singh’s irrigation wells operate with electric pumps to draw water that is warm to the touch from deep below the ground. And, as is the case with the millions of other rice and wheat farms throughout India, the state government provides the water and the electricity for free. (Image © J. Carl Ganter / Circle of Blue)

India Punjab Green Revolution farm farming flood irrigation canal farmland groundwater pump electricity well rice wheat grain agriculture irrigation crop cropland water food energy choke point circle of blue wilson center j. carl ganter

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