A hazy image from a 1979 U.S. Geological Survey report shows the Rio Paguate running downstream through the Jackpile-Paguate mine area. “Before the mining operations, Rio Paguate flowed in a channel or arroyo that was about 40 feet deep and 100-300 feet wide. Dumping of mine debris has caused some narrowing of the channel. Erosion of the unconsolidated debris adds considerable bedload and suspended sediment to the river. During large flows the river cuts laterally into debris piles,” the report states.