Since it was passed by Congress and signed by President Nixon near the end of 1973 the Endangered Species Act served as the most powerful defense against natural resource exploitation that harmed vulnerable animals while also preserving wildlands that produced the cleanest lakes, streams, rivers, and groundwater in America. 

Because it was clear in its principles, and so well-enforced, the Endangered Species Act encountered episodic attack, principally from industry, agriculture, and the conservative right uninterested in halting development projects that would push vulnerable species into extinction. 

The Trump administration is now escalating resistance to the law into an era-altering rage that has the potential to emasculate protections and render the act moot.

Circle of Blue's senior editor and chief correspondent based in Traverse City, Michigan. He has reported on the contest for energy, food, and water in the era of climate change from six continents. Contact
Keith Schneider